The Female Athlete Triad
This is a combination of three conditions: disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. An athlete can have one, two or all three of these symptoms. Most women with female athlete triad have some part of an eating disorder and try to lose weight primarily to improve their athletic performance. The extent of the eating disorder can range from mild food avoidances to bulimia or anorexia nervosa.
The second part of the triad is amenorrhea (slowing or cessation of the menstrual cycle). Because the female athlete is simultaneously exercising intensely and not eating enough calories, body weight falls. At this point she may experience a decrease in estrogen, the hormone that helps to regulate the menstrual cycle.
Low estrogen levels and poor nutrition can lead to osteoporosis, the third aspect of the triad. Osteoporosis is a weakening of the bones due to the loss of bone density and improper bone formation. This condition can lead to stress fractures and other injuries.
Signs and symptoms of female athlete triad are fatigue, weight loss, disruptions in menstruation, frequent stress fractures or muscle injuries. If female athlete triad is suspected, it may be advisable to maintain a menstrual calendar. Any sprains fractures or other injuries can also be recorded, and used as a tool to help identify the condition.