Potential Effects from Distorted Eating Behaviors
Distorted eating can be defined as a spectrum of abnormal eating behaviors, ranging from restricting foods, occasional binging and purging, to severe conditions of anorexia and bulimia. In the athletic population, the incidence of disordered eating is much higher than in the general population. This high number is a result of athlete’s attempt to control body composition to improve their performance. The sports most often at risk are gymnastics, dance, figure skating, running, and cycling. Other sports where an athlete must meet weight class requirements are at risk as well, such wrestling, crew, and martial arts.
There is an extensive list of symptoms associated with distorted eating. General signs to look for are:
- Lack of self-esteem
- Repeated concerns about being fat
- Preoccupation with food, calories, and weight
- Increasing criticism of one’s body
- Mood swings, irritability, and poor concentration
- Weight fluctuations
- Alterations in menstrual cycle
- Avoidance of eating in public
- Frequent trips to the bathroom
- Excessive laxative use
- Relentless training above what is required
- Wearing layered or baggy clothes
- Bloodshot eyes
- Hair loss or thinning
- Headaches, dizziness, or numbness
Athletes who are prone to eating disorders often have predisposing psychological and social factors as well. These inherent personality traits often take on the form of perfectionism. Ultra high achievers tend to fit into this category. There may also be a noticeable pressure put on themselves strive for an ideal weight, shape or size.
The physical effects of distorted eating and body image are not always readily apparent. Disordered eating behaviors resulting in semi-starvation and dehydration can further lead to loss of muscle mass, decreased strength, poor concentration, irregular heart rate, iron deficiency anemia, osteoporosis, and even death.