How Physical Activity Affects Appetite & More
Appetite
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Appetite regulation is a complex process, involving insulin and blood sugar levels and a variety of hormones and other chemicals, as well as psychological factors. Physical activity and exercise can help to burn calories. The amount of calories burned depends upon the type, duration, and intensity of the activity, as we have discussed in this section. It also depends on the weight of the person. A 200 pound person will burn more calories running a mile compared to a 120 pound person.
Research indicates that the decrease in appetite after physical activity is greater in individuals who are obese than in individuals who are at their desirable body weight. For some individuals, their appetite increases proportionately to their level of exercise. This is known as “compensating” and the tendency is to eat more to adjust for the activity.
Increased physical activity helps to control blood sugar and decrease insulin sensitivity. Having blood sugar better controlled and regulated can ultimately reduce cravings for sugary foods. This helps to “break the cycle” and can help to control weight gain and may promote weight loss. However, there is no proof that exercise is a panacea for weight loss, and certainly not in the short-term. Over longer periods of time, physical fitness can have an impact on energy intake, but exercise does not work independent of smart food choices. Thus the importance of adhering to the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans.