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Number 1. The political and social system of France before the revolution which consisted of the First Estate (clergy), Second Estate (nobility), Third Estate (bourgeoisie, artisans, peasants—97% of the population).  The First and Second Estates were tax exempt and put the burden of taxation on the Third Estate.

Correct Answer: Old Regime  

Number 2. Middle class at the top of the Third Estate who consisted mostly of professionals and merchants.

Correct Answer: bourgeoisie

Number 3. The legislative body or assembly composed of representatives from the three Estates.

Correct Answer: Estates General

Number 4. The name that was taken by the Third Estate when its members rebelled against the traditional voting procedures.

Correct Answer: National Assembly 

Number 5. Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates-General to help pull France back from the verge of bankruptcy.  In the past each Estate had met separately and cast one vote as a body; the clergy and nobles together could always out vote the Third Estate.

Correct Answer: Voting Procedure Problems

Number 6. A pledge taken by the members of the National Assembly that they would not adjourn until they had written a constitution. It is called this because they had walked out of the Estates General meeting and met in an indoor tennis court.

Correct Answer: Tennis Court Oath

Number 7. French national holiday commemorating the storming of the prison which took place on July 14, 1789

Correct Answer: Bastille Day

Number 8. • Poor economic conditions placed heavy burdens on peasants and artisans.
• The bourgeoisie wanted political power equal to their economic strength; they also disliked economic restrictions placed on them.
• Nobles and upper clergy resented the growing power of the king.

Correct Answer: Reasons for Discontent

Number 9. All people had the right to eat and have some reward for their labor.

Correct Answer: What did Liberty and Equality mean to the peasants?

Number 10. Liberty to trade without restrictions and the right to advance to the highest levels of society if talented enough.

Correct Answer: What did Liberty and Equality mean to the bourgeoisie?

Number 11. A Jacobin and doctor with a terrible skin condition, he was one of the most outspoken revolutionaries of the French Revolution.  He opposed the moderate groups like the Girondists and advocated the abolition of the monarchy.

Correct Answer: Jean Paul Marat           

Number 12. King of France from 17 to January 21, 1793 when he was executed by the guillotine.  He was ill-equipped to be a king and did not desire to be one.  He was not a good manager of the country’s resources or the three estates.

Correct Answer: Louis XVI            

Number 13. The Austrian wife of Louis XVI who failed to win the support of the people of France because of her lavish lifestyle.  She was executed after her husband on October 16, 1793.

Correct Answer: Marie Antoinette

Number 14. A Jacobin leader and a moderate of the French Revolution.  When it was formed, he was the leading force of the Committee of Public Safety.  His moderate position cost him, though.  Because he disagreed with the extremist and radical members of the Committee of Public Safety, namely Robespierre, he was also sent to the guillotine.

Correct Answer: Jacques Danton

Number 15. The citizenry of France of the Third Estate in the poorer classes who chose to wear long trousers rather than the upper class shorter silk culottes or short pants.  This move was a symbol of unity against the Old Regime and for revolution.

Correct Answer: Sans-culottes

Number 16. Leader of the Committee of Public Safety who moved the country into a period known as the Reign of Terror from 1793 to 1794.  The Committee of 12 wanted to create a republic of virtue; instead, they became extremely violent, killing thousands with the guillotine.  In the end ,  the Revolution turned against him and he himself was executed with the guillotine.

Correct Answer: Maximillien Robespierre

Number 17. A member of the Girondist political group who felt that Marat had betrayed the moderates who advocated a constitutional government and for that reason assassinated him.

Correct Answer: Charlotte Corday

Number 18. A political club that existed at the beginning of the French Revolution.  It had been rather moderate in its views, but as the revolution continued, they became more and more radical in their views.

Correct Answer: Jacobins

Number 19. New government established by the Constitution of 1795 that had a two-house parliament and five Directors elected by the upper house.  It was unable to deal with the financial crises in the country and relied on the army to help.  In 1799, it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte.

Correct Answer: The Directory