Try It

The Enlightenment Review

Vocabulary

Match each term to the correct definition.

Definitions:

  1. Intellectuals during the Enlightenment
  2. Places where philosophes gathered to discuss the problems of society—both men and women
  3. A comprehensive written work that comprised articles on every subject possible by credible authors put together by Diderot
  4. Proposed separation of powers in government—executive, legislative and judicial

Terms:

  • The Spirit of the Laws
  • Encyclopedie
  • Salons
  • Philosophes

Answers:

  1. Intellectuals during the Enlightenment

    Answer: Philosophes

  2. Places where philosophes gathered to discuss the problems of society—both men and women

    Answer: Salons

  3. A comprehensive written work that comprised articles on every subject possible by credible authors put together by Diderot

    Answer: Encyclopedie

  4. Proposed separation of powers in government—executive, legislative and judicial

    Answer: The Spirit of the Laws

Major Ideas Matching

Match each enlightenment thinker to their ideas.

Ideas:

  1. Proposed the separation of powers within the government to keep any one branch from gaining too much power and to avoid despotism. These included the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Incorporated into the U.S. Constitution.
  2. Promoted the idea of democracy for the protection of man’s rights. His famous quote was “Man is born free but everywhere is in chains.”
  3. Was in favor of free speech, press, and religion and promoted these. Very famous for this quote: “I disagree with you, but will defend to the death your right to say it.”
  4. Proposed the need for equal opportunities for women and men to access education in order for women not to be considered the weaker gender to be enclosed in a household.
  5. Put together a definitive and comprehensive work about a variety of subjects. It was the first time subjects from all fields were placed together in one work.
  6. Reform of the criminal justice system focusing on the rights of both the criminal and the victim of crime ensuring that the punishment fit the crime. In those days, punishments for crimes, even petty ones, were extraordinarily severe and cruel.
  7. Tried to get rights for women who were treated as second class citizens. She proposed equality of property and rights within a marriage contract.
  8. Social Contract Theory – people give over their rights to an absolute ruler because his belief was that people are not competent enough to rule themselves and must be controlled.
  9. Social Contract Theory – people have the right to choose who governs them and can overthrow a government if the government fails to protect them. He believed that all men have the natural rights of life, liberty and property.

Enlightenment Thinkers:

  • Jean Jacques Rousseau
  • Cesare Beccaria
  • Mary Wollstonecraft
  • Voltaire
  • Olympe de Gouges
  • Thomas Hobbes
  • John Locke
  • Baron de Montesquieu
  • Denis Diderot

Answers:

  1. Proposed the separation of powers within the government to keep any one branch from gaining too much power and to avoid despotism. These included the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Incorporated into the U.S. Constitution.

    Answer: Baron de Montesquieu

  2. Promoted the idea of democracy for the protection of man’s rights. His famous quote was “Man is born free but everywhere is in chains.”

    Answer: Jean Jacques Rousseau

  3. Was in favor of free speech, press, and religion and promoted these. Very famous for this quote: “I disagree with you, but will defend to the death your right to say it.”

    Answer: Voltaire

  4. Proposed the need for equal opportunities for women and men to access education in order for women not to be considered the weaker gender to be enclosed in a household.

    Answer: Mary Wollstonecraft

  5. Put together a definitive and comprehensive work about a variety of subjects. It was the first time subjects from all fields were placed together in one work.

    Answer: Denis Diderot

  6. Reform of the criminal justice system focusing on the rights of both the criminal and the victim of crime ensuring that the punishment fit the crime. In those days, punishments for crimes, even petty ones, were extraordinarily severe and cruel.

    Answer: Cesare Beccaria

  7. Tried to get rights for women who were treated as second class citizens. She proposed equality of property and rights within a marriage contract.

    Answer: Olympe de Gouges

  8. Social Contract Theory – people give over their rights to an absolute ruler because his belief was that people are not competent enough to rule themselves and must be controlled.

    Answer: Thomas Hobbes

  9. Social Contract Theory – people have the right to choose who governs them and can overthrow a government if the government fails to protect them. He believed that all men have the natural rights of life, liberty and property.

    Answer: John Locke

Major Works Matching

Match each enlightenment thinker to their works.

Works:

  1. The Spirit of the Laws
  2. The Social Contract
  3. Candide
  4. A Vindication of the Rights of Women
  5. Encyclopedie
  6. On Crimes and Punishments
  7. Declaration of the Rights of Women, 1791
  8. Leviathan
  9. Two Treatises on Civil Government

Enlightenment Thinkers:

  • Jean Jacques Rousseau
  • Cesare Beccaria
  • Mary Wollstonecraft
  • Voltaire
  • Olympe de Gouges
  • Thomas Hobbes
  • John Locke
  • Baron de Montesquieu
  • Denis Diderot

Answers:

  1. The Spirit of the Laws

    Answer: Baron de Montesquieu

  2. The Social Contract

    Answer: Jean Jacques Rousseau

  3. Candide

    Answer: Voltaire

  4. A Vindication of the Rights of Women

    Answer: Mary Wollstonecraft

  5. Encyclopedie

    Answer: Denis Diderot

  6. On Crimes and Punishments

    Answer: Cesare Beccaria

  7. Declaration of the Rights of Women, 1791

    Answer: Olympe de Gouges

  8. Leviathan

    Answer: Thomas Hobbes

  9. Two Treatises on Civil Government

    Answer: John Locke

← Back