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Vocabulary

In this lesson we will construct and prove theorems about perpendicular lines.

Vocabulary

  • Perpendicular Lines
  • Perpendicular Bisector

Perpendicular Lines

Another important pair of lines in geometry that we discussed in Unit 2 are perpendicular lines. Remember that perpendicular lines intersect to form a right angle.

A box will be located in the angle to identify that it is a right angle.

The next three theorems are based on the concept of perpendicular lines.

the x axis and y axis are shown forming a right angle

 

Theorem 1

If two lines intersect to form a linear pair of congruent angles, then the lines are perpendicular.

two lines intersecting to form a linear pair of congruent angles, the lines are perpendicular

 

Theorem 2

If two lines nonadjacent sides of two acute adjacent angles are perpendicular then the angles are complementary.

two nonadjacent lines with sides of two acute adjacent angles which are perpendicular so the angles are complementary

m∠1 + m∠2 = 90°

Theorem 3

If two lines are perpendicular, then they intersect to form four right angles.

two perpendicular lines which intersect to form four right angles

Exercise #1

Open Apply Properties of Perpendicular Lines to Find Unknown Values and Angle Measures in a new tab

Constructing Perpendicular Lines

The distance from a line to a point not on the line is the length of the segment perpendicular to the line from the point.

A line is drawn from point A to point B. Point C is floating above the line with a verticle dotted line dropped to A B

Example #2

The distance from the creek to the schoolhouse is the distance along a perpendicular path from the school to the creek.

a diagram reflecting the distance from the schoolhouse to the creek.

Constructing Perpendicular Lines

Postulate: If given a line and a point not on the line, then there exists exactly one line through the point that is perpendicular to the given line.

Line m and line p intersect to form a right angle, with a point on line P

Exercise #3

Open Construct Perpendicular Lines with a Compass and a Straight Edge in a new tab

Exercise #4

Open Construct a Perpendicular Bisector with a Compass and a Straight Edge in a new tab

Example #5

Open Construct a Perpendicular Bisector Using GeoGebra in a new tab